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The impact of power reform on the management of power dispatching operation mode

the construction of power marketization in China started at the end of last century, and has roughly experienced the pilot stages of provincial power market, regional power market, energy-saving power generation dispatching and direct transaction between large users and power generation enterprises. A new round of power system reform was launched with the "several opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on further deepening the reform of the power system" (Zhong Fa [2015] No. 9). This plan pays equal attention to the reform of system and mechanism, puts forward institutional reform measures such as the construction of relatively independent trading institutions, the opening of incremental distribution business, and the cultivation of power sales market, and puts forward the mechanism reform measures of "three liberalization", seizes the key factors restricting the process of China's power marketization, and tries to build a "fair, open, orderly, competitive, and complete" power market system to restore the commodity attributes of power, The market mechanism is used to optimize the allocation of power resources, promote the consumption of new and renewable energy, guide scientific and reasonable power planning, ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system, and start a new round of power marketization process of China's power industry

the traditional operation mode management of power system mainly includes maintenance plan management, safety and stability check, power and electricity balance, power transmission plan and other aspects, mainly based on the power transmission plan issued by the government and the safe and stable operation of power. Under the new power reform situation, the traditional operation mode management of the dispatching organization will face great challenges and opportunities. The dispatching organization will face more market players. The operation mode arrangement not only ensures the power supply and power security, but also needs to consider ensuring the effective implementation of the transaction plan

01 environmental analysis of power system reform

9 and its supporting documents are the highest program documents of this round of power system reform. According to the spirit of reform, all provinces and regions have established corresponding power trading institutions. At the same time, various types of power transactions such as annual long-term agreements, monthly bidding, incremental transactions, cross provincial and cross regional transactions, medium and long-term contract transactions have been organized and carried out. The construction of the power market continues to grow. The current power system reform has the following characteristics in the field of power dispatching:

first, deepening the power system reform is not simply taking economic benefits as the single goal. We will grasp the basic principles of promoting development, ensuring safety, improving efficiency, meeting the requirements of economic, social, environmental, livelihood and other multi-objective requirements and gradual progress, opening up the two ends Every real manuscript in the supervision center will be serially published on our company's website to build a unified and open power market system and promote the scientific development of the power industry

second, electricity is the carrier of power market, and the development of electricity and power market affect each other. At present, the electrical structure is complex, the power structure is rich, there are many network constraints, and the pressure of security constraints is large. We must fully consider the impact of power trading on electrical safety to ensure the safe operation of electricity

third, strengthen the management of full guaranteed acquisition of renewable energy power generation, vigorously promote cross provincial and cross regional transactions of clean energy, and consume it on a larger scale. Improve the consumption level of clean energy, provide a policy basis for fundamentally solving the problems of abandoning wind, light and water, and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of renewable energy industry in the future

fourth, the mode of "plan + market" is adopted in the initial stage of market construction. Electricity beyond the national plan and the agreement of local governments will no longer be included in the power generation and consumption plan, and will be determined by the direct transaction between power generation enterprises, power sales enterprises and users, forming a situation in which planned electricity and market electricity coexist

02 impact of power system reform on the management of power dispatching operation mode

in terms of power operation control

the scale and volume of power is large, large-scale AC/DC hybrid connection, power operation characteristics are complex, long-term operation is at the limit of carrying capacity, and it is highly dependent on safety and stability control measures. Power operation control faces many contradictions and safety pressure. The traditional power dispatching operation mode management is mainly based on the safe and stable operation of electricity and the reliable supply of electricity. Recently, the dispatching organization took the initiative to arrange all links of the next day, such as generator set startup combination, unit output curve, standby capacity, power failure of transmission and transformation equipment maintenance, and optimize the arrangement of operation mode on the premise of meeting safety constraints

with the advancement of the power system process, various elements related to power safety, such as unit output and startup combination, power flow mode, standby capacity, will be determined by the market, which increases the complexity of operation mode arrangement, squeezes the flexibility of operation mode arrangement, objectively reduces the control ability of dispatching agencies on power operation, and increases the difficulty of dispatching to ensure power safety. At the same time, with the continuous expansion of the transaction scale, the transaction contract solidifies more power regulation resources, and the power operation constraints under normal circumstances increase, affecting the power operation control ability. The principle of power dispatching agencies in arranging the operation mode needs to be gradually transformed into ensuring the safe and stable operation of electricity, the reliable supply of electricity and the effective implementation of trading plans

in terms of dispatching plan

the traditional dispatching plan is considered by the dispatching organization in accordance with the national mandatory plan, the framework agreement between local governments, the annual and monthly power purchase plan and other medium and long-term plans, combined with the second day system operation, load forecasting level, network constraints, channel congestion, transmission and transformation equipment maintenance, unit startup combination and other conditions, in accordance with the principles of unified dispatching and hierarchical management, The 96 point output curve of all units on the second day and the power transmission curve of each main channel of "west to East power transmission" are decomposed. All market entities focus on the completion of annual and monthly plans for the "west to East power transmission" plan and the power generation plan of power plants. The dispatching organization can make more adjustments to the arrangement of curves every day according to the channel maintenance, the supply of provinces and regions, the natural water supply, etc., with high flexibility, just to ensure the annual The monthly plan meets the scheduling principle of "the nickel used in lithium-ion batteries by Sangong is less than 10% of its capacity"

the difference between Vickers hardness tester and Brinell and Rockwell

after the reform of the power system, the market players are richer, the trading varieties are richer, and the components in the power transmission plan are more complex and diversified. For example, for the power generation plan of a power plant, there are base electricity, annual long-term electricity, monthly bidding electricity, day before and day after day transactions, power generation rights transactions, incremental transactions, etc. the time dimensions of each variety are different, and the prices are different at different times. The generation scheduling model is more complex, which increases the complexity of power decomposition of scheduling execution

at the same time, the coordination between market electricity and planned electricity is difficult. Market electricity and planned electricity coexist, and the scheduling needs to ensure the rigid implementation of the transaction contract and the balance of the planned electricity at the same time. In all links such as electricity decomposition, planning and real-time scheduling, it is closely related to the interests of market players. Due to the lack of market-oriented power balance mechanism, load deviation, water regime change, random factors of new energy power generation, fault maintenance, etc. may cause the transaction contract to be unable to be completed and the planned electricity quantity to be unable to be balanced

the reform of power system puts forward higher requirements for the standardization and lean level of dispatching operation. In a market-oriented environment, the dispatching behavior will have a great impact on the interests of market members, the disclosure of information will become higher, and social supervision will be strengthened. Therefore, the dispatching organization must improve the precision of dispatching decision-making while strictly scheduling according to the law and implementing relevant technical standards, so as to achieve the coordination and unity of electric safety and market efficiency

security and stability verification

security verification has a vital impact on maintaining the safe and stable operation of power system. Before the arrangement of operation mode, the dispatching organization will formulate corresponding safety boundary conditions for the electric operation mode, and conduct safety check on the results after the arrangement of operation mode. Based on safe operation and aiming at annual power balance, the rolling adjustment plan ensures the safety margin of power operation and reserves necessary adjustment space for dispatching

with the gradual increase of the proportion of electricity trading, the gradual increase of trading varieties, the continuous increase of trading frequency and the continuous expansion of trading scope, the existing dispatching mode with annual balance and rolling adjustment as the core will be difficult to meet the requirements of marketization. Market transactions lead to the variability of power flow, which increases the complexity of security and stability analysis. The free participation of market players in the market and the increase of uncertain factors in the operation of power system make the traditional off-line security and stability analysis difficult to meet the requirements of the rapid changes in the market. At the same time, the existing extensive medium and long-term security verification mode can not meet the requirements

under the reform of power system, power dispatching agencies need to promote the time dimension of rolling safety check to the day before and. Medium and long-term safety verification needs to learn from the experience of quantitative safety verification, promote the transformation of medium and long-term safety verification from empirical verification to quantitative verification, and improve the accuracy and standardization of verification

in terms of maintenance plan

the traditional maintenance plan is submitted by the equipment maintenance department of each branch and subsidiary to the annual and monthly maintenance power outage demand, and the dispatching organization comprehensively plans and optimizes the maintenance plan according to the system operation, equipment maintenance, power supply, security constraints, system operation risks, etc

in the electricity market environment, the maintenance arrangement will directly affect the degree of market members' participation in market transactions, and then affect the economic benefits of market members. After the transaction is concluded, the scheduling organization shall arrange the maintenance plan without affecting the completion of the transaction plan

the power market puts forward higher requirements for the scientificity, refinement, standardization and overall coordination of scheduling and maintenance work. The dispatching organization is arranging the maintenance plan, which not only needs to meet the power supply and safe operation, but also does not affect the completion of the transaction plan. The scheduling organization needs to further improve the refinement and rationalization of the plan, strengthen the rigidity of the plan implementation, improve the rules, clarify the responsibility boundary of the scheduling, and realize the refinement of the scheduling and maintenance work through technical means

adapt to the current market stage dominated by medium and long-term electricity contract mode

in this stage, the core of operation mode management is to carry out medium and long-term safety verification for medium and long-term electricity contracts. The following work needs to be strengthened:

carry out monthly medium and long-term bus active load forecasting

develop and manage annual and monthly maintenance plans for electrical safety verification

carry out medium and long-term power safety verification with monthly unit combination considering safety constraints as the core

improve the rules, processes, models and methods for formulating daily and intra day scheduling plans

improve the comprehensive defense system suitable for electrical safety analysis

adapt to the future market stage with the spot market as the core

in the spot market mode, the bidding cycle of the market and the clearing and settlement of power transactions will be on a daily basis, putting forward higher requirements for the accuracy and rationality of day ahead transactions and plans

at this stage, the dispatching department